UTILIZATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

With the growth of technology and the introduction of instructional aids, the educational sector in Nigeria is constantly changing.The efficacy of instructional materials used in business education teaching and learning can only be seen in students' academic success in business education.

The significance of instructional materials in the teaching and learning process is critical. It improves the kids' memory levels. According to (NIC hulls 2017), in this day and age, oral teaching cannot be the key to successful pedagogy; consequently, the teacher must employ instructional resources to make the teaching and learning process exciting. According to Abdullahhi and Umoh-Mac Nkume (2019), instructional materials are instruments manufactured locally or imported that aid in the teaching/learning process. In the same line, Obanga (2015) regards them as materials items that are used to construct compositions that have the potential to significantly improve intellectual usage effect the instructional materials.

The usage of instructional materials can improve learning outcomes. Cronbach (2009) defines the key parts of behaviour that serve as the foundation for learning theory situations, which include all of the things, people, and symbols in the learning environment. According to Akume (2021), various studies conducted in Nigeria on the availability of accessible resources in schools offering Business Education programmes have found the presence of poor training facilities in the schools. They went on to say that even the few that are available are not being maintained. They become non-functional as a result of inadequate storage facilities. Obi and Akume (2021) emphasized that any institution that wants to offer a contemporary Business Education curriculum must incorporate complete instruction in the usage of these gadgets.

In order to provide such training, the school must be outfitted with the necessary equipment. To elaborate, they argued that in order for the teaching process to be effective in general, appropriate people and material resources must be supplied. In this regard, the study is to investigate the use of instructional materials for successful business education teaching and learning in junior secondary schools in Oyigbo Rivers State.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In spite of the federal government emphasis on entrepreneurship education of both young and old, the school still suffers some defects such as inadequate supply or provision of resource materials, poor maintenance and storage of existing ones. According to Oren (1998) he observed that, being a skill-oriented subject, Business Education requires the use of machine and other equipment for effective teaching to take place. It is therefore expected that the federal government through the ministries of education at federal, state and local government will see to the provision or availability of these necessary resources for teaching and learning of these requirement skills.

According to Oyedele (2000) citied in Atakps (2001) Nigeria children and youths are being educated more in accordance with yesterday’s world rather than in preparation for tomorrow’s living. This is in agreement with what Umoh-Mac and Nkume (2000) said about the obsolete equipment found in Nigeria schools. Emphasizing the need for the provision of instructional materials in schools, Obi and Akume opine that, Business Education subject being a skilled area of study cannot be learn by the student sitting and folding their arms and nodding their heads. To give this training, the schools must be equipped with the necessary materials on which it intends to give, but rather it appears that most school that offer Business Education subject are not adequately equipped for the instructions. Resource materials are means of making teaching and learning process easy, more meaningful and understandable; this is the therefore the focus of this research, to bring to bear the use of instructional materials for effective teaching of business education.

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The main aim of the research work is to examine the use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of business education in junior secondary schools. Other specific objectives of the study include:

1. Investigate the types of instructional materials available.

2. Investigate problems militating against management of instructional materials.

3. Investigate the adequacy of storage of instructional materials.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

1. What types of instructional materials are available in secondary schools in in Oyigbo Rivers state?

2. What are the problems militating against the management of instructional materials in secondary schools?

3.  How adequate is the storage of Business education instructional materials in secondary schools?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study on the use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of business education in junior secondary schools will be of immense benefit to the entire Rivers state and other researchers that wishes to carryout similar research on the research topic as it will discuss the effect of the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business education in junior secondary schools. The study will also discuss the factors affecting the availability of instructional materials in most junior secondary schools in Oyigbo LGA. Rivers state.

1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY

The study on the use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning business education in Oyigbo Rivers state will cover the relationship between the use of instructional materials and students academic achievement in business education in junior secondary schools.

1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

BUSINESS EDUCATION: involves teaching students the fundamentals, theories, and processes of business

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: refer to the human and non-human materials and facilities that can be used to ease, encourage, improved and promote teaching and learning activities